پژوهشنامه ادبیات داستانی
سال نهم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

Mythical legends include the folk legends of people in which there are thoughts and mythical beliefs. One of mythical beliefs that continues to survive in the legends is the fertility myth. The myth of fertility is justified of the mythologist man about the death and reborn of the plants annually. The legend of Three Sisters and Neilabak and other narratives are mythological legends which contents are based on the actions of gods which relate to nature. The basic question of this essay is that, is the inner structure the legend of Three Sisters and Neilabak and other narratives of this legend based on fertility myth? According to surveys, the legend of Three Sisters and Neilabak and other narratives of this legend are among the mythological legends that their contents are based on the fertility myth. The most important thematic of the fertility myth in this legend are: The presence of women's goddesses’ fertility, revenge against the goddess of vegetation, absence and death of the goddess of vegetation, the rise of a the goddess of vegetation among the others, the growing of plant from blood, the water drown into the fire, sacrifice, doom of goddess of vegetation and the marriage of the goddess of vegetation with fertility goddesses. The methodology is based on and descriptive-analytical library resources.

Fictional literature is a kind of literature that is usually narrative in the form of romance, story and short stories and fiction. In this type of literature, the use of creativity and imagination is superior to reality. A large part of current fiction in Iran has been formed on vulgar culture. This kind of literature formed from the constitutional period is a good example for familiarity with influential, typical characters in society, one of the most important of these characters is the reveler, which also has a great role in the stories written in this field and the society had a particular social role and it was respected by most people. In this study, the main question of which reflects the reveler culture in contemporary fiction in order to reflect the role of reveler in some of the stories of Sadegh Hedayat and Sadegh Chubak. We investigate the role of these characters in stories and the authors' effectiveness of these persons by taking into consideration the time period and social conditions that each author to the story design. The results show that not only the culture of reveler plays a significant role in contemporary storytelling, but also the way of life and the personality of reveler have played the important roles in constructing and paying for the elements of character in stories such as Dash Akel, Kaftarbaz and Antri, in which Lutish died.

An accurate expression of the psychological and emotional issues of love, marriage in Daneshvar's novels is one of the suitable options for studying the theory of love triangle. Simin Daneshvar is one of the contemporary female writers whose consideration of women's issues is one of her significant intellectual features. One of the most important scientific theories of love is Robert J. Sternberg's theory of the love triangle, which deals with the three aspects of "intimacy", "sexual desire/ passion and lust" and "decision/ commitment" in love. The aim of the present study is to examine the three features of the love theory of Sternberg's love triangle in Sushon's novel. In this novel, the love affair between Zari and Yusuf is examined as the main characters. The results show that Daneshvar has tried to preserve the romantic relationships within the family, and the characters involved in the novel experience the transcendent love. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library.

Absurdism is one of the most effective movements in the contemporary Persian fiction.This process has affected parts of contemporary Persian story with elements such as despair and depression, feeling emptiness and futility, death and the lack of identity. The veins of this kind of thinking are evident in the works of some contemporary story writers, such as, Sadegh Hedayat, Bahram Sadeghi and Sadegh Choubak who noted that their major works reflect the Absurd thoughts.Gholamhossein Sa'edi is also one of the writers whose works reveal clearly the prevailing atmosphere of society as well as Persian writing in the forties. The evaluation of his works explains the manifestations of the current of futility in the contemporary stories.The present study examines the components of Absurdity in Sa'edi's works.For this purpose, the series of stories:”vahemehaye bi nam o neshan,shabneshinie bashokooh, azadaran e bayal and tars o larz” were analyzed and analyzed. Some of the components of Absurdism in his works are prominent and they can be found in any collection in the various degrees. All of these works include the void fears, entangles and psychological problems, hopelessness and death-thinking.

Nihilism is the denial and sometimes the whole of life. This idea dates back to ancient times and emerged in the Middle Ages, but it has been reorganized in modern times. Nietzsche, Kafka, and Emil Zola's students at the School of Naturalism paved the way. In today's philosophical and literary naturalism, there are features that overlap with some of the non-authoritarian components and perspectives. Choubak's stories are full of naturalistic mixes and teachings. Naturalism, which has led to a passive inhumanity in Chubak's thought and vision, as it negates society and life, it offers no choice but to go out of this circle of astonishment and confusion. Although naturalism is passive in some respects, it is not necessarily absurd. The question that arises in Sadegh Choubak's work is whether to combine these passive naturalistic aspects with some nihilistic approaches that keep the writer and the reader as spectators. This article is an attempt to represent this intertwining that is sometimes difficult to discern between the two - naturalism and nihilism - in Chubak's works.

Modernism, in its simplest form, is as follows: transformation in all dimensions of intellectual and social life of the contemporary human. In contemporary era, economic and industrial growth has changed the traditional norms and values in human societies. Since literature reflects the whole view of the community, it is naturally affected by social change. In company with the emergence of modern art and literature in other countries, Arabic works were also influenced by these developments. But, unfortunately, there is few critical and normative debate on this issue. With the advent of modern literature, the standards governing literary works have changed. One of the broadest literary types influenced by modernism is the novel. One of the greatest literary types influenced by modernism is the novel. The novel “The Season of Migration to the North” is the work of Tayyeb Saleh's, a Sudanese storyteller, in whom the author tried to influence the components of modernism and creates a Post-colonial work. The present study emphasis on the descriptive-analytical method, analyzing the components of modernism like ‎poetics, anachronism, visibility angle variation, reality merging with imagination, and so on. The findings indicate that the poetics and anachronism are one of the most prominent components of the novel.